Union Budget sources
How we read and process the Union Budget documents.
Read →Methodology
Sources · Provenance · CaveatsHow we build this
Every number on The Public Rupee traces to an official document. We read primary sources — Union Budget documents, Finance Commission reports, CAG audits, NSO data releases — and we say explicitly when the trail ends. Where data is absent, classified, or off-budget, we note it. This section documents our methodology, sources, and the caveats that apply to each dataset.
State devolution methodology
How the 16th Finance Commission formula distributes taxes among states.
Read →Fiscal deficit arithmetic
Exactly how the fiscal deficit number is calculated, what is included and excluded, and why the headline number understates the true borrowing requirement.
Read →CGA monthly accounts: how we use them
How the Controller General of Accounts publishes monthly fiscal data, the lags involved, and how we process these statements for the Monthly Tracker.
Read →How government debt is measured
The difference between fiscal deficit, public debt, total liabilities, and contingent liabilities — and which number matters most.
Read →Full transparency:View source on GitHub →